AEMCA Practice Exam

Head trauma can potentially cause which of the following?

1. Metabolic acidosis

2. Metabolic alkalosis

3. Respiratory alkalosis

4. Diabetic ketoacidosis

The correct answer is: Respiratory alkalosis

Head trauma can affect the body's regulatory systems, including those that control breathing. One potential consequence of head injuries, particularly those that involve injury to the brain regions responsible for regulating respiratory function, is the development of respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is an increase in the rate and depth of breathing (hyperventilation), which leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. In cases of head trauma, this hyperventilation can occur due to increased intracranial pressure, brain hemorrhage, or irritation of the areas controlling respiration. As a response to these conditions, the body might unconsciously increase the breathing rate, resulting in excessive elimination of carbon dioxide and leading to a rise in blood pH. Understanding how head trauma can lead to respiratory alkalosis underscores the importance of monitoring and treating patients with head injuries, as their respiratory status is critical in the management of potential complications.